In This Issue

المجلة-العلمية-الادارة-الطبية
# Evaluating Expenditure Allocations in the Public Budget for the Health Sector in the Republic of Yemen

Prof. Dr. Mohammed Ali Saleh Al-Makredi

Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the volume of expenditure in the public budget for the health sector in the Republic of Yemen during the period (2009-2020), to reveal its adequacy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Data was collected from the headquarters of the Yemeni Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation. The study relied on descriptive analysis to extract the indicators that achieve the study’s objectives. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the inadequacy of the public budget allocations for the health sector in covering health services in the Republic of Yemen, as it does not commensurate with population growth; the low health expenditure indicators of the national health system and their incompatibility with global standards; and the public expenditure policy on the health sector is characterized by low adequacy, efficiency, and effectiveness, along with inefficient distribution of public expenditure and its bias towards other sectors at the expense of the health sector. The study recommended several recommendations, most notably: increasing public budget allocations to cover health services in a way that matches population growth, raising the efficiency of health expenditure by reconsidering the distribution of spending on the health sector to achieve efficiency and effectiveness, and modifying the pattern of health expenditure allocation to achieve the desired goals to the maximum extent possible.
Keywords: Public expenditure, Efficiency, Adequacy, Effectiveness

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# The Role of Implementing Total Quality Management in Employee Productivity: An Applied Study on Almarai Company

Dr. Nasser Abdullah Nasser Al Nasser Al-Mudhaffari

Abstract: The research aimed to identify the role of applying total quality management (TQM) in employee productivity at Almarai Company by knowing the impact of TQM with its dimensions (customer focus – leadership commitment – employee involvement – strategic planning – continuous improvement) on employee productivity from the perspective of employees at Almarai. The research followed the descriptive and analytical approaches. The research population consisted of employees at Almarai Company. The researcher distributed (102) questionnaires to the targeted sample, and (100) valid questionnaires were retrieved with a response rate of 98%. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The research concluded several results, the most important of which are: there is a significantly positive and influential correlation between the concept of comprehensive quality and productivity levels in Almarai Company. The results also showed a significant direct relationship and noticeable impact between implementing the concept of TQM, focusing on customers, and productivity levels. The research confirmed a significant direct relationship and noticeable impact between implementing TQM and productivity levels. The research concluded with several recommendations, most notably: the need to focus on enhancing the concept of TQM given its active role in improving productivity, activating employee involvement in planning, and recognizing the employees’ role in sharing plans and ideas with managers to improve production, achieve goals, and accelerate meeting customer desires and expectations.
Keywords: Total Quality Management Implementation, Employee Productivity, Almarai Company

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# The Impact of Administrative Empowerment in Achieving Sustainable Development in Private Universities – Amanat Al-Asimah Sana’a

Dr. Ibrahim Ismail Ali Al-Nashiri, Mr. Nashwan Abdullah Hezam Al-Faeq

Abstract: The research aimed to identify the impact of administrative empowerment in achieving sustainable development in Yemeni private universities in Amanat Al-Asimah Sana’a, the level of practicing administrative empowerment dimensions, and knowing the level of achieving sustainable development in the universities under study. The descriptive analytical approach was used. To achieve the study’s objectives and test its hypotheses, a questionnaire was prepared and developed to collect primary data from the study population which reached (295) individuals. A sample of (167) individuals was selected, determined according to Krejcie & Morgan (1970) tables. The questionnaire was used as the measurement tool, while the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process and analyze the research data. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: there is interest from universities in practicing the dimensions of administrative empowerment, and the level of practicing these dimensions varied; dimensions of (effective communication, teamwork, delegation of authority, participation in decision-making) were high, while the dimensions of (training, motivation) were medium. The level of achieving sustainable development in the investigated universities was high. There is a varying impact of administrative empowerment dimensions in achieving sustainable development in the investigated universities; the (training) dimension had the highest impact, and the (delegation of authority) dimension had the lowest impact in achieving sustainable development. Furthermore, there is a shortcoming in the practice of motivation, and a lack of employee satisfaction regarding the fairness of the incentive and promotion systems applied in the universities.
Keywords: Administrative Empowerment, Sustainable Development, Yemeni Private Universities

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# The Impact of Applying Crisis Management Phases on Improving the Performance of Health Organizations (Case Study: Al-Samad Hospital Authority in Amran Governorate)

Dirham Ali Dirham Al-Qamash

Abstract: This research aims to identify the impact of applying crisis management phases on the performance of the Al-Samad General Hospital Authority in Amran Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and the sample size reached (130) hospital employees. The data collection tool was the questionnaire. The results showed that all dimensions of applying crisis management phases were higher than the hypothetical mean, and that the statistical model explained (56%) of the variance in institutional performance. The preparedness and planning phase ranked first in terms of impact, followed by the early warning phase, then response, and finally, the recovery and learning phase. The study recommended the necessity of promoting a culture of preparedness and prevention, and activating early warning systems and institutional learning after crises.
Keywords: Crisis Management Phases, Institutional Performance, Al-Samad Hospital Authority

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# The Role of Academic Development and Quality Assurance Centers in Activating Internal Quality Systems: A Comparative Study Between Yemeni Public and Private Universities

Mabrouk Saleh Al-Soudi, Nasr Saleh Abdo Hassan Al-Jarbani

Abstract: This research aimed to reveal the role of academic development and quality assurance centers in activating internal quality systems, with a comparative study between Yemeni public and private universities. Following the comparative descriptive approach, a questionnaire was applied to a proportional stratified sample of (93) individuals from the leaders of these centers in a number of public and private universities. The results showed that the sample members’ perception of the centers’ role was at a high level, while their perception of the reality of activating internal quality systems was at a medium level, indicating a gap between the effort exerted and the achieved impact. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in favor of private universities in the level of performance, and that the most prominent obstacles facing the centers are the weakness of financial allocations and authorities granted to them, and resistance to change. The results of the regression analysis proved that the dimensions of the centers’ role collectively explain (54.3%) of the variance in activating quality systems. The dimensions of planning and policy-making, training and capacity building, and supervising evaluation and review had a positive and statistically significant impact on activating internal quality systems, while there was no statistically significant impact for the dimension of spreading the culture of quality. Accordingly, the research presented a proposed vision to develop the performance of these centers in a way that enhances their role in activating internal quality systems in Yemeni universities. The research also recommended the necessity of empowering these centers by granting them broader authorities and independent budgets, and linking incentive systems to the application of quality standards to enhance their effectiveness.
Keywords: Academic Development Centers, Quality Assurance, Internal Quality Systems, Higher Education, Universities

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# The Reality of Health Insurance in Yemen and its Role in Improving the Health Level of the Community

Lubna Mohammed Fadhl Al-Haddad

Abstract: This research aimed to identify the reality of health insurance in Yemen and its role in improving the health level of the community. The research focused on the concept of health insurance, its importance, benefits, its impact on the health level, and its contribution to alleviating health costs for beneficiaries. The research aimed to draw the attention of those in charge of the health sector to the advantages of health insurance and its role in the growth of all sectors in general and the health sector in particular. The descriptive analytical approach was used; the descriptive method was used in the theoretical aspect of the research, and the analytical method in the practical aspect, as there were numerous reasons that led to conducting the research. Among these reasons are the Yemeni individual’s increased need for health insurance services, especially in recent years that have witnessed a remarkable rise in healthcare costs or burdens resulting from risks related to the individual’s health, as well as a decline in the level of the health sector at a time when it should be in a growth phase. The research reached a set of results, most notably: health insurance has witnessed a significant decline in recent years due to the events Yemen has gone through. In addition, it was found that health insurance has an effective and significant role in raising the health level in the country and the growth of the health sector. The research concluded that there is a weakness in insurance awareness among individuals and society. The research recommended a number of recommendations to the authorities relevant to health insurance, the most important of which are: activating the state’s role in developing the health insurance field by establishing the necessary laws and legislation in this sector, and creating a high-level health insurance system to achieve comprehensive health coverage in the country and improve the health sector.
Keywords: Health Insurance, Health Level, Health, Yemeni Society

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