The Relationship Between Level of Support and Effective Communication with Mothers During Labor and Their Satisfaction with Childbirth Experience
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65693/irss.2026.v7i2.63Keywords:
الدعم القبالي، رضا الأمهات، الخصائص السيكومترية، الرعاية القبالية المحترمة (RMC)، السيطرة الشخصية، تحليل الانحدار.Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of midwifery support and communication on enhancing maternal satisfaction during childbirth. It focused on three core dimensions: emotional support, effective communication, and respect for autonomy, analyzing how each contributes to a positive maternal experience.
Methodology & Psychometric Properties: The study involved a sample of (200) participants. The research instrument demonstrated excellent psychometric properties, with an overall Cronbach’s Alpha of (0.955), reflecting high internal consistency. Normality testing confirmed data eligibility for parametric statistical inference.
Key Statistical Findings:
- Results revealed a very strong positive correlation between midwifery support and overall satisfaction )r = 0.851)
- Regression analysis indicated that midwifery support explains (72.4%) of the variance in maternal satisfaction levels.
- "Emotional and Social Support" emerged as the strongest predictor of satisfaction (beta = 0.529), followed by "Respect for Autonomy" and "Effective Communication."
- The "Personal Control and Subjective Experience" dimension recorded the lowest satisfaction levels, highlighting the impact of labor pain and birth trauma on maternal perception.
Conclusions & Recommendations: The study concluded that childbirth satisfaction is the outcome of a "humanized care system." It recommended the adoption of the WHO Labor Care Guide, enhancing midwives' emotional intelligence, and utilizing non-pharmacological pain relief techniques to ensure care that prioritizes maternal dignity and autonomy.
References
1. AbuAlrub S, Abu-Baker N, Abu Baker M, Abu Musameh H. (2023). The Present Status of Respectful Maternity Care during Labor and Childbirth in Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Nurs J, 17: e187443462212220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18744346-v16-e221222-2022-128.
2. Al Nadabi, W., & Mohammed, M. A. (2019). Arabic Language Surveys Measuring Mothers’ Satisfaction During Childbirth: A Review. Global Journal of Health Science, 11(6), 169. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n6p169.
3. Alavi, H., Zaheri, F., & Shahoei, R. (2023). Support and control during childbirth and attachment after birth in mothers referring to comprehensive health centers in Bijar, 2019. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 3(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.55705/cmbr.2022.355559.1055.
4. Alemu, E. M., Kaso, A. W., Obsie, G. W., Fessaha, H. Z., & Agero, G. (2024). Maternal Satisfaction with Delivery Service and Associated Factors among Women Who Gave Birth at Public Hospitals in Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Women’s Health, 24(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03069-0.
5. Al-Hussainy, R. H., Fouly, H., & Abou Hashish, E. A. A. (2022). Gap Analysis: Quality and Women’s Satisfaction Regarding Postnatal Care. The Open Nursing Journal, 16(1), e187443462204280. https://doi.org/10.2174/18744346-v16-e2204280.
6. Al-Mandeel, H. M., Almufleh, A. S., Al-Damri, A. J. T., et al. (2013). Saudi Women’s Acceptance and Attitudes towards Companion Support during Labor: Should We Implement an Antenatal Awareness Program? Annals of Saudi Medicine, 33(1), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2013.28.
7. Alodhialah, A. M., & Alahmedi, S. H. (2025). Women’s Perceptions of Cultural Sensitivity of Midwives During Intrapartum Care in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 13(17), 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13172172.
8. Al-Saleet, J. M., Al-Wasabi, M. M., Jowah, H. M. (2025, August 19). Impact of total quality management on healthcare service quality in Yemeni hospitals: A cross-sectional study [Preprint]. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7115768/v1
9. Alsalit, G. M., Al-Wesabi, M. M., Jowah, H. M. (2026, February 18). Drivers of healthcare quality in a conflict-affected setting: A cross-sectional study on total quality management implementation in Yemen [Preprint]. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8835527/v1
10. Al-Wesabi M. (2012). The Role of Quality Systems in Improving the Performance of Healthcare Facilities in Yemen: A Case Study of the 48 Model Hospital". Institutional Repository for Scientific Scholarship at 21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 1-246. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22616.78086
11. Al-Wesabi, M. (2017). The Effect of Health Human Resources Development on the Efficacy of Applying Accreditation Standards in Yemeni Hospitals: A Field Study (Z. Murad, Trans.). Institutional Repository for Scientific Scholarship at 21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 1-321. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15617.53602
12. Al-Wesabi, M. (2020). The reality of the Yemeni health sector and the role of September 21 University for Medical and Applied Sciences in reforming it and building the modern Yemeni state (M. Dael, Trans.). Institutional Repository for Scientific Scholarship at 21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 106-133. https://doi.org/10.65693/irss.2020.v1i1.47
13. Al-Wesabi, M. (2020). The reality of the Yemeni health sector and the role of September 21 University for Medical and Applied Sciences in reforming it and building the modern Yemeni state (M. Dael, Trans.). Institutional Repository for Scientific Scholarship at 21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 106-133. https://doi.org/10.65693/irss.2020.v1i1.47
14. Al-wesabi, Muneer. (2012). The Role of Quality Systems in Improving the Performance of Healthcare Facilities in Yemen: A Case Study of the 48 Model Hospital. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12720.32009
15. Al-wesabi, Muneer. (2017). The Effect of Health Human Resources Development on the Efficacy of Applying Accreditation Standards in Yemeni Hospitals: A Field Study. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28658.67527
alwsaby, M. (2017). The Relationship Between Human Resources Development and the Efficacy of Applying Accreditation Standards in Private and Public Yemeni Hospitals in the Capital City, Sana’a (Z. Murad, Trans.). Institutional Repository for Scientific Scholarship at 21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 75-94. https://ojs.21umas.edu.ye/irss/article/view/46
16. Arbabi, H., Omidi, Z., & Dolatabadi, Z. (2022). Examining the Relationship between the Childbirth Experience, the Care Provided in the Unit, and the Satisfaction with the Delivery Environment. Journal of Multidisciplinary Care, 11(4), 190–95. https://doi.org/10.34172/jmdc.2022.1126.
17. Atiya, K. M. (2015). Maternal satisfaction regarding quality of nursing care during labor and delivery in Sulaimani teaching hospital. College of Nursing, University of suleimani, Iraq. 19 September, 2015. (https://doi.org 10.5897/IJNM2015.0190.
18. Balcik Colak, M., Akin, B., Kalkan, S. C., & Uslu Yuvaci, H. (2025). Effects of labor support on pregnant women’s childbirth comfort, satisfaction and postpartum comfort levels: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 789. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07904-6.
19. Basha, A., Alkhatib, Y., khrais, M., wahba, S. ., Obeidat, A., & Alryalat, S. A. (2025). Satisfaction Score among Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery after Cesarean Delivery in A Tertiary Referral Hospital in Jordan. Jordan Medical Journal, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.35516/jmj.v59i4.2526.
20. Bohren, M. A., Hofmeyr, G. J., Sakala, C., Fukuzawa, R. K., & Cuthbert, A. (2017). Continuous Support for Women during Childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6.
21. Bohren, M. A., Saad, C. A., Kabore, C., Annerstedt, K. S., Hanson, C., de Loenzien, M., et al. (2025). Women’s experiences of and satisfaction with childbirth: Development and validation of a measurement scale for low- and middle-income countries. PLOS ONE, 20(5), e0322132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322132.
22. D’Sá, J. L., Jahlan, I. O., Alsatari, E. S., Zamzam, S., & Martin, C. R. (2024). Psychometric properties of a Saudi Arabian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R). Belitung Nursing Journal, 10(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.3055.
23. De Wolff, M. G., Ladekarl, M., Pagh, N. B., & Overgaard, C. (2025). Women’s Care Satisfaction and Birth Experiences in a Danish Urban University Hospital: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study on Midwifery-Led Continuity of Care and Standard Midwifery Care Models. Midwifery, 142, 104301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2025.104301.
24. Dencker, A., Bergqvist, L., Berg, M., Greenbrook, J. T. V., Nilsson, C., & Lundgren, I. (2020). Measuring Women’s Experiences of Decision-Making and Aspects of Midwifery Support: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 199. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-02869-0.
25. Dencker, A., Taft, C., Bergqvist, L., Lilja, H., & Berg, M. (2010). Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ): Development and Evaluation of a Multidimensional Instrument. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 10(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-10-81.
26. Doaa Sami Rashash. (2025). How Women Experience and Evaluate MidwiferyLed Care During Childbirth: Insights from a Mixed-Method Study. Midwifery, 75. https://doi.org/10.21070/midwiferia.v11i2.1759.
27. Dönmez, A., & Yeşil, Y. (2024). Factors Affecting Maternal Satisfaction in Labor and Neonatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 28(11), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i11.9.
28. Ďuríčeková, B., Škodová, Z., & Bašková, M. (2024). Satisfaction with Childbirth and Level of Autonomy of Women during the Childbirth. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 15(4), 2060–68. https://doi.org/10.15452/cejnm.2024.15.0025.
29. Ebrahimian, A., Abedi, P., Cheraghian, B., & Iravani, M. (2025). The Effects of Evidence-based Management of Labor and Normal Delivery on the Satisfaction and Childbirth Experience among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 30(6), 878–884. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_297_24.
30. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health. (2025). Addressing Obstetric Violence and Promoting Respectful Care. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/global-womens-health.
31. Ganisia, A., & A’zdom, M. K. (2025). Effective Communication in Midwifery Practice Strengthening Patient Trust and Maternal Health Outcomes. Journal of Nutrition and Health Care, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.62012/junic.vi.33.
32. Getu, T., Tega, A., Aragaw, G. M., Menesho, M. D., Demelash, R., Wale, H., & Addis, Z. (2025). Ethical dilemmas experienced by midwives in their professional practice in Northwestern Ethiopia: a phenomenological interview study. BMC Medical Ethics, 26(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-025-01266-6.
33. Goodman, P., Mackey, M. C., & Tavakoli, A. S. (2024). Factors related to childbirth satisfaction: A longitudinal update. Journal of Advanced Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12093.
34. Grundström, H., Malmquist, A., & Nieminen, K. (2025). Factors related to a positive childbirth experience – a cross-sectional study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 43(5), 1148–1160. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2024.2336141.
35. Hatamleh, R., Al-Akour, N., Smadi, R., & Atout, M. (2026). Midwives’ Perceptions of Barriers to Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Northern Jordan. SAGE Open Nursing, 12, 23779608251413845. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608251413845.
36. Haza’a, A. A., Odhah, M. A., Al-Ahdal, S. A., et al. (2024). Utilisation of postnatal care services among maternal in Maeen District – Sana’a City, Yemen. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 24(1), 422. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06617-6.
37. Heidari, K., Amiri-Farahani, L., & Pezaro, S. (2023). The Relationship between Attitude and Self-Efficacy of Labor Support with Supportive Behaviors from the Perspective of Midwives. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01197-w.
38. Hildingsson, I., Karlström, A., & Larsson, B. (2021). Childbirth Experience in Women Participating in a Continuity of Midwifery Care Project. Women and Birth, 34(3), e255–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2020.04.010.
39. Hodnett, E. D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Sakala, C. (2013). Continuous Support for Women during Childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub5.
40. Hodnett, E. D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G. J., Sakala, C., & Weston, J. (2011). Continuous Support for Women during Childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub3.
41. Hodnett, E., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Sakala, C. (2003). Continuous Support for Women during Childbirth (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003766.
42. Hollins Martin, C. J., & Martin, C. R. (2014). Development and Psychometric Properties of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R). Midwifery, 30(6), 610–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.10.006.
43. Imamura, T., Ariga, H., Kaneko, M., et al. (2013). Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Children with Periventricular Leukomalacia. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 54(6), 367–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.04.006.
44. Kabakian-Khasholian, T., Bashour, H., El-Nemer, A., et al. (2017). Women’s Satisfaction and Perception of Control in Childbirth in Three Arab Countries. Reproductive Health Matters, 25(sup1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/09688080.2017.1381533.
45. Kempe, A., Theorell, T., Alwazer, F. N.-A., Taher, S. A., & Christensson, K. (2015). Exploring Women’s Fear of Childbirth in a High Maternal Mortality Setting on the Arabian Peninsula. Global Mental Health, 2, e10. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2015.6.
46. Kidane, A., Getachew, T., Mesfin, F., Eyeberu, A., & Dheresa, M. (2023). Maternal Satisfaction on Delivery Care Services and Associated Factors at Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. International Health, 15(2), 189–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihac038.
47. Leahy-Warren, P., & Nieuwenhuijze, M. (2023). Measuring Women’s Empowerment during the Perinatal Period in High Income Countries: A Scoping Review of Instruments Used. Heliyon, 9(4), e14591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14591.
48. Liu, Y., Li, T., Guo, N., et al. (2021). Women’s Experience and Satisfaction with Midwife-Led Maternity Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey in China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 151. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03638-3.
49. Lunda, P., Minnie, C. S., & Benadé, P. (2018). Women’s Experiences of Continuous Support during Childbirth: A MetaSynthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1755-8.
50. Maabreh, R. S., Eyadat, A. M., Al-Akash, H. Y., et al. (2025). Barriers and Beliefs: A Qualitative Study of Jordanian Women’s Perceptions on Allowing Companions in the Labour Room. Societies, 15(12), 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15120351.
51. Martin, C. R., Hollins Martin, C., & Redshaw, M. (2017). The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised Indicator (BSS-RI). BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1), 277. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1459-5.
52. Mascarenhas Silva, C. H., Laranjeira, C. L. S., Pinheiro, W. F., et al. (2024). Pregnant Women Autonomy When Choosing Their Method of Childbirth: Scoping Review. PLOS ONE, 19(7), e0304955. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304955.
53. Mbwele, B., Joctan, Z. Z., Hawkins, C., Caputo, M., August, F., Kaaya, S., et al. (2025). The use of Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) in comparing the experiences of mothers with and without HIV in Tanzania. BMJ Global Health, 10, e016745. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016745.
54. Mohammad, K. I., Alafi, K. K., Mohammad, A. I., Gamble, J., & Creedy, D. (2014). Dissatisfaction with childbirth care. International Nursing Review, 61, 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12102.
55. Mohebbi, P., Maleki, A., Zenoozian, S., & Bagherinia, E. (2025). Evaluating the effect of counseling based on Fordyce happiness approach on happiness and childbirth satisfaction among primiparous women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 607. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07655-4.
56. Monazea, E. M. M., & Al-Attar, G. S. T. (2015). Quality of Delivery Care in Assiut University Hospital, Egypt: Mothers’ Satisfaction. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 90(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EPX.0000466380.29269.4b.
57. Murray-Davis, B., Grenier, L. N., Li, J., et al. (2024). Comparing Birth Experiences and Satisfaction with Midwifery Care before and after the Implementation of Canada’s First Alongside Midwifery Unit (AMU). PLOS ONE, 19(8), e0306916. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306916.
58. Nahaee, J., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Abbas-Alizadeh, F., Martin, C. R., Hollins Martin, C. J., Mirghafourvand, M., & Hassankhani, H. (2020). Pre- and during-labour predictors of low birth satisfaction among Iranian women: a prospective analytical study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 408. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03105-5.
59. Oweis, A., & Abushaikha, L. (2004). Jordanian pregnant women’s expectations of their first childbirth experience. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 10, 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172x.2004.00488.x.
60. Qabban, K. A., Al-Wesabi, M. M. (2025). The Impact of Career Development on Improving Nursing Performance in Yemen Hospitals - Sana’a. Sana’a University Journal of Human Sciences, 4(11), 277-317. https://doi.org/10.59628/jhs.v4i11.1809
61. Qabban, K. A., Al-Wesabi, M. M., & Jowah, H. M. (2026). Association between Joint Commission International patient-centered standards and self-reported nursing performance in Sana′a, Yemen hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management, 2026, Article 8353270. https://doi.org/10.1155/jonm/8353270
62. Qabban, K. A., Al-Wesabi, M. M., Jowah, H. M. (2025, May 7). Impact of Joint Commission International patient-centered standards on nursing performance in Sana'a, Yemen hospitals [Preprint]. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6372401/v1
63. Ratislavová, K., Horová, J., & Marek, P. (2024). Measuring Women’s Satisfaction with Childbirth: A Literature Review of Measurement Properties. Slovenian Journal of Public Health, 63(2), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2024-0014.
64. Ross-Davie, M. C., Cheyne, H., & Niven, C. (2013). Measuring the Quality and Quantity of Professional Intrapartum Support: Testing a Computerised Systematic Observation Tool in the Clinical Setting. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13(1), 163. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-163.
65. Schmitt, N., Striebich, S., Meyer, G., Berg, A., & Ayerle, G. M. (2022). The Partner’s Experiences of Childbirth in Countries with a Highly Developed Clinical Setting: A Scoping Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 742. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-05014-1.
66. Serpetini, E., Sarantaki, A., Tzamaria, S., Vlachou, M., & Diamanti, A. (2025). Exploring Maternal Autonomy, Respect, and Satisfaction During Childbirth: Insights From Home Birth Experiences. Cureus, 17(8), e91150. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.91150.
67. Shaban, I., Hatamleh, R., Khresheh, R., & Homer, C. (2011). Childbirth Practices in Jordanian Public Hospitals: Consistency with Evidence-Based Maternity Care? International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 9(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2010.00197.x.
68. Shaigan, H., Shamsdanesh, S., Arab Bafrani, M., Shamoradifar, Z., & Mehrabi, E. (2024). Effect of Childbirth Care Methods on Birth Experience and Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 12(4), 152–59. https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2024.6012.
69. Shamlan, M. A. M., & Al-Wesabi, M. M. M. (2026, May 26). Clinical governance and healthcare quality in conflict-affected settings: A cross-sectional study of hospitals in Yemen [Preprint]. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9442217/v1
70. Shared Decision-making in Midwifery. (2025). The Relational Autonomy Framework. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12434215/
71. Stevens, N. R., Wallston, K. A., & Hamilton, N. A. (2012). Perceived control and maternal satisfaction with childbirth: a measure development study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 33(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2011.652996.
72. Suso-Ribera, C., Orts-Cortes, I., Delgado-García, B. E., et al. (2024). Revisiting the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale: Factor analysis and sources of construct validity. Midwifery Journal, 128, 103852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2023.103852.
73. Sweidan, M., Mahfoud, Z., & DeJong, J. (2008). Hospital Policies and Practices Concerning Normal Childbirth in Jordan. Studies in Family Planning, 39, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00151.x.
74. Sydsjö, G., Blomberg, M., Palmquist, S., Angerbjörn, L., Bladh, M., & Josefsson, A. (2015). Effects of Continuous Midwifery Labour Support for Women with Severe Fear of Childbirth. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0548-6.
75. the CLIP working group, Mocumbi, S., Högberg, U., et al. (2019). Mothers’ Satisfaction with Care during Facility-Based Childbirth: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Southern Mozambique. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 303. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2449-6.
76. Thomas, L., Ezimokhai, M., Mosallam, M., & Rizk, D. E. E. (2004). Women’s Attitudes towards Psychosocial Support in Labour in United Arab Emirates. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 269(3), 181–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-002-0448-7.
77. Turkmen, S., & Binfare, L. (2025). Maternal Satisfaction and Birth Experiences after Elective Induction vs. Spontaneous Onset in Late-Term Pregnancy: A Register-Based Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 673. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07818-3.
78. Van Der Pijl, M. S. G., Kasperink, M., Hollander, M. H., Verhoeven, C., Kingma, E., & De Jonge, A. (2021). Client-Care Provider Interaction during Labour and Birth as Experienced by Women: Respect, Communication, Confidentiality and Autonomy. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0246697. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246697.
79. Vedam, S., Stoll, K., Martin, K., et al. (2017). The Mother’s Autonomy in Decision Making (MADM) Scale: Patient-Led Development and Psychometric Testing of a New Instrument to Evaluate Experience of Maternity Care. PLOS ONE, 12(2), e0171804. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171804.
80. Wanyenze, E. W., Nalwadda, G. K., Tumwesigye, N. M., & Byamugisha, J. K. (2023). Efficacy of Midwife-Led Role Orientation of Birth Companions on Maternal Satisfaction and Birth Outcomes: A Randomized Control Trial in Uganda. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1), 669. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05978-8.
81. Yeganeh, Z., Javadnoori, M., Abbaspoor, Z., Ebadi, A., & Montazeri, S. (2025). “Inspiring mothers’ self-entrustment to midwives.” midwives’ and mothers’ perceptions of effective communication in the maternity ward: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 962. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08092-z.
82. Younes, R., Eid, S., Shalaby, N., & Heeba, M. (2020). Supportive care provided by companion during childbirth and its effect on labor progress and maternal satisfaction. Port Said Scientific Journal of Nursing, 7, 218–243. https://doi.org/10.21608/pssjn.2020.48535.1059.
83. Zamani, P., Ziaie, T., Mokhtari Lakeh, N., & Kazemnejad Leili, E. (2019). The Correlation between Perceived Social Support and Childbirth Experience in Pregnant Women. Midwifery, 75, 146–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.05.002.
84. الاتحاد الدولي للقابلات (ICM). (2024). الإطار المهني للقبالة 2025: الفلسفة والنموذج. مسترجع من: https://internationalmidwives.org/wp-content/uploads/Professional-Framework-2025.pdf.
85. الاتحاد الدولي للقابلات (ICM). (2025). فلسفة ونموذج رعاية القبالة. مسترجع من: https://internationalmidwives.org/resources/philosophy-and-model-of-midwifery-care/.
86. البنك الدولي. (2021). اليمن: نظرة عامة على القطاع الصحي والتحديات الإنسانية. مسترجع من: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/overview.
87. الكلية الملكية للقابلات (RCM). (2025). اتخاذ القرار المستنير في ممارسة القبالة. لندن. مسترجع من: https://rcm.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/informed-decision-making_0604-1.pdf.
88. مجلس التمريض والقبالة في أيرلندا (NMBI). (2025). الموافقة المستنيرة واستقلالية المريض في القبالة. مسترجع من: https://www.nmbi.ie/Standards-Guidance/Glossary
89. منظمة الصحة العالمية (WHO) - المكتب الإقليمي لشرق المتوسط. (2025). بناء مستقبل مشرق لأمهات وأطفال اليمن. صنعاء. مسترجع من: https://www.emro.who.int/ar/press-releases/2025-arabic/building-a-brighter-future-for-yemens-mothers-and-babies.html.
90. منظمة الصحة العالمية (WHO). (2025). دعوة للتوسع العالمي في نماذج رعاية القبالة لعام 2035. جنيف. مسترجع من: https://www.who.int/news/item/18-06-2025-who-calls-for-global-expansion-of-midwifery-models-of-care.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 اسماء اياد، هاله عبد القادر، سندس يحيى، منير مصلح الوصابي، امتياز الذاهبي وآخرون (المؤلف)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
